Document Trust Grade

v0.3.0

Pre-release. This is a 0.x version under semantic versioning: the scale and its thresholds have not yet been calibrated against a real distribution of documents and may still change materially. Grades issued under a pre-release rubric carry no commitment and should not be cited as a settled assessment.

Version 0.3.0 · published 2026-09-26

What the grade measures

How strongly this file proves, on its own, who signed it and that it has not changed — and how long it will keep proving it, without the signing platform.
This is not a judgement of legal validity. The grade measures how independently verifiable a file is. Under eIDAS Article 25 an electronic signature cannot be denied legal effect merely for not being qualified — so a low grade does not mean a document is not binding.

Three questions in strict order: integrity (has it changed?), then trust (does the identity chain to a recognised trust regime?), then durability (will it still verify years from now without anyone's help?). This is a ladder of necessary conditions, not a points total — a file receives the highest grade whose conditions it meets in full, and one failed gate caps it regardless of everything else.

The scale

A+

Qualified, and built to last

All of the following:

  • Everything required for A.
  • ETSI baseline B-LTA — the highest ETSI baseline level. An archive timestamp over the signature and its validation data lets the proof be renewed as certificates expire and cryptographic algorithms age.
  • That archive timestamp is a qualified electronic time stamp, issued by a qualified trust service, and it validates. A qualified time stamp carries a legal presumption of the accuracy of its date and time (eIDAS Article 41(2)).
  • No material change after signing — nothing that alters what the document shows, and nothing the validation engine cannot classify (adding validation data, timestamps or further signatures after signing is how a signed PDF is legitimately extended, and does not count).

The file proves who signed it and that nothing has changed, on its own, and the proof can be kept alive for decades. Embedded evidence packages and similar additions are shown alongside the grade; they do not change the letter.

A

Qualified and self-contained

All of the following:

  • Validation outcome TOTAL_PASSED — intact, chain valid, not revoked.
  • Chains to a trust regime that reaches the top of the scale: an EU/EEA Trusted List, or a third-country list recognised through an eIDAS Article 14 mutual-recognition agreement.
  • Qualifies as a qualified electronic signature (QES) or qualified electronic seal (QESeal).
  • ETSI baseline B-LT or B-LTA — certificates and revocation data embedded, so the file verifies offline without contacting anyone.
  • The signature covers the whole document. Later revisions of the file are allowed only if they add nothing that changes what the document shows — adding validation data, timestamps or further signatures after signing is how a signed PDF is legitimately extended, and does not count.

This is what a properly signed document looks like. It proves who signed it, when, and that nothing has changed — on its own, offline, without the platform that made it.

B

Trusted and time-anchored

All of the following:

  • Clears everything required for C, and carries a timestamp (ETSI B-T or better).
  • Misses at least one A requirement: the trust regime’s own ceiling is B; the validation outcome is not TOTAL_PASSED; it is an advanced rather than a qualified signature or seal; it is B-T rather than B-LT/B-LTA; or the signature does not cover the whole document.

An independent third party has proven when this was signed, and it will keep verifying for years.

C

Trusted, but decaying

All of the following:

  • Intact, and chains to a recognised trust regime.
  • Either ETSI baseline B-B — no timestamp, no embedded validation material — or a signature form outside the ETSI baseline profiles, whose durability cannot be assessed against them.

Verifies today. There is no independent proof of when it was signed, and once the signing certificate expires or its revocation data goes offline, it may stop verifying entirely.

D

Provable file, unprovable signer

All of the following:

  • The signature verifies and the document is intact.
  • The certificate chains to no trust regime we recognise — self-signed, a private CA, or an unknown issuer.

You can prove this file has not changed. You cannot prove who signed it. The result also states the grade the file’s own construction would reach with a certificate from a recognised provider — B or C — so a well-built document on a private root is not confused with a self-signed PDF.

E

A claim, without proof

All of the following:

  • The file carries a signing claim — an attached evidence package, a platform audit trail, or a visual signature.
  • There is no cryptographic signature over the document that can be independently verified, so integrity cannot be checked at all.

Something was signed. This file cannot prove it. The proof sits with the signing platform, not with you. Nothing here is wrong — it is simply not self-proving.

F

Fails

Any one of the following:

  • The signed content has been modified since signing.
  • The signature is cryptographically invalid.
  • The signing certificate was revoked at the time of signing.

This document does not prove what it claims. Do not rely on it without going back to the source.

Not graded

No letter is issued when there is no signature and no evidence package to assess, or the file cannot be read. This is never shown as F. F means we checked and the document failed; absence of proof is a different statement from disproof.

Important limits

  1. This grade measures independent verifiability, not legal validity. Under eIDAS Article 25 an electronic signature cannot be denied legal effect merely for not being qualified. A low grade does not mean a document is not binding.
  2. Every grade is dated and tied to a rubric version. A file graded A today can grade lower in five years as certificates expire — that decay is precisely what the long-term ETSI forms exist to prevent, and a grade is always a point-in-time assessment.
  3. Tindom is not a qualified trust service provider. This grade is independent evidence, not a qualified validation service under eIDAS, and carries no legal presumption of its own.

Trust regimes

Tindom validates against every trust source it carries and names the one that vouched for each document, rather than refusing documents that sit outside a preferred list. What differs between regimes is not whether we check them — it is what a positive result legally means, and that is what sets the ceiling.

RegimeWhat it isLegal weightCeiling
EU/EEA qualifiedMember-state trusted lists under eIDAS Article 22, where the service is granted for qualified certificates. Published by each member state, aggregated by the European Commission.Qualified signatures have the legal effect of a handwritten signature (eIDAS Article 25(2)); qualified seals carry a presumption of integrity and origin (Article 35(2)). Advanced signatures and seals — including on qualified certificates — carry neither.A+
Recognised third countryTrusted lists of countries holding an eIDAS Article 14 mutual-recognition agreement — currently Ukraine and Moldova.Legally equivalent to EU-qualified, by agreement.A+
EU/EEA non-qualifiedOn a member-state trusted list, but the service is not granted for qualified certificates.Supervised; no presumption.B
National regulatedA national trusted list operating outside eIDAS recognition — the Swiss list (ZertES, Swiss Accreditation Service) and the UK list (Information Commissioner's Office). Real supervision, real audit, no EU mutual recognition.Regulated nationally; no eIDAS presumption.B
Commercial programmeThe Adobe Approved Trust List — around 300 certificate authorities admitted under Adobe's published technical requirements and independent audit. This is what makes Adobe Acrobat show a green tick.Contractual, not statutory; no presumption.B
Not recognisedChains to no list we carry: self-signed, a private certificate authority, or an unknown issuer.None.D

Rules that apply to every grade

A document's grade is the lowest of its signatures' grades — a contract is only as good as its weakest party's proof. Each signature also carries its own grade, so the roll-up is never opaque.

A grade is never shown as a bare letter. It always appears with the assurance level, the ETSI form, and the trust regime that vouched for it — the letter carries the legibility, the rest carries the defensibility.

A real document, walked through the ladder

A PDF sealed by an e-signing platform, validated by Tindom. It clears every gate up to the top of the ladder and is then held at B by two separate things — which is the ordinary case, not a failure.

IntegrityIntact — the signed content has not been modified since sealing.
RevocationNot revoked, checked live against the issuer's OCSP responder at validation time.
Trust regimeEU Trusted List (Norway), via a trust service granted for qualified certificates. Regime ceiling: A+.
Signature scopeCovers the whole document.
DurabilityPAdES-BASELINE-T. A timestamp proves when it was sealed, but the certificates and revocation data are not embedded — verifying it later means fetching them from the issuer, which will not be possible forever. A needs B-LT.
Assurance levelAdvanced electronic seal supported by a qualified certificate — not a full qualified electronic seal. A requires QES or QESeal.

Grade B. Trusted and time-anchored, and it will keep verifying for years — but two separate things stand between it and A, and either one alone would be enough to hold it there. Both are configuration changes on the signing platform's side, not re-architecture.

How to raise a grade

The scale is only useful if it says what to change. Each entry below is a ceiling a document can hit, what it means, and what would move it up.

Timestamped, but the file does not carry what is needed to verify it on its own later (B-T).

Embed the certificate chain and revocation data at signing time — B-T becomes B-LT. Usually a setting in the signing platform.

The signature alone, with no independent proof of when it was made (B-B).

Add a timestamp from a trusted timestamping authority at signing — B-B becomes B-T, and the document stops depending on a claimed signing time.

An advanced signature or seal, possibly on a qualified certificate, but not a qualified signature or seal in the eIDAS sense.

Issue on a qualified certificate held on a qualified signature creation device (QSCD). This is a change of product with the trust service provider, not a file-format change.

Self-contained, but without archive timestamps the proof cannot be refreshed as cryptographic algorithms age (B-LT).

Apply an archive timestamp from a qualified timestamp service — B-LT becomes B-LTA, and the evidence outlives both the certificate and the algorithms in use today.

The certificate chains to nothing we recognise — self-signed, a private authority, or an unknown issuer.

Sign with a certificate from a provider on one of the trust lists above. An internal certificate authority cannot reach beyond D, however well run.

The file records that signing happened, but carries no cryptographic signature we can check.

Embed a real signature in the document itself (PAdES for PDFs) rather than keeping the proof on the platform. This is the single largest step available — it moves a document from E to a graded rung.

Something was added to the file after signing that changes what the document shows, or that the validation engine cannot classify — or the signature covers only part of the content.

Sign the whole document, and make any later change as a new signed revision. Adding validation data, timestamps or further signatures is fine; editing content after signing is not.

The certificate chains to a list whose ceiling is B — a non-qualified EU/EEA service, a national list outside eIDAS recognition, or the Adobe Approved Trust List.

Sign with a qualified certificate from a provider on an EU/EEA Trusted List. The file format is not the limit here; the trust regime is.

The signature is intact and trusted, but the validation engine could not reach a definitive pass — for example because revocation status or a certificate in the chain could not be confirmed.

Embed the full certificate chain and revocation data at signing (B-LT), so the result does not depend on what can be fetched at validation time.

A trusted signature in a form outside the ETSI baseline profiles, so its long-term durability cannot be assessed against them.

Produce signatures to an ETSI baseline profile — PAdES for PDFs, XAdES, CAdES or JAdES otherwise.

A signature is present, but whether the signed content is intact could not be determined.

Check that the file is the original signed version and has not been converted or re-saved after signing.

Meets the ETSI standard in full, but something added after signing changes what the document shows or cannot be classified.

Make later changes as new signed revisions rather than edits to a signed file.

B-LTA, but the archive timestamp that renews the proof is not a qualified time stamp, or it does not validate.

Take the archive timestamp from a qualified timestamp service on an EU/EEA Trusted List. Usually a setting in the signing platform — the same kind of service many already use for the signature timestamp.

How this rubric is versioned, and what has changed between versions: Full changelog.

What introduced this version

0.3.0 · 2026-09-26 · major

A+ is redefined. It no longer depends on a closed list of markers — only one of the four could be assessed, and only in one signing platform’s evidence format, which a neutral scale should not privilege. A+ now means everything required for A, at the highest ETSI baseline level (B-LTA), with an archive timestamp that is a qualified time stamp and validates, and no material change after signing. Rung titles corrected: B-LTA is part of the ETSI standard, not beyond it, and A is not the standard "met in full". Embedded evidence packages are still shown with the result but no longer affect the grade.

Grades affected: Up: B-LTA documents with a qualified, valid archive timestamp that were held at A for want of a marker (A → A+). Down: a B-LTA document that reached A+ only through an embedded evidence package while its archive timestamp is not qualified (A+ → A). Major under the published policy for that reason, although no document validated so far is known to be affected.

Earlier versions, and what changed between them, are in the full changelog.